Tok Essay - 1436 Words

New TOK Essay Topic 3: There are no absolute distinctions between what is true and what is false. Discuss this claim. I’d always believed that the truth was a rather simple idea. To me, it was something that was true or correct or existing in this world. But after all the discussions in TOK, with family and with friends, and after deep rumination on the subject, I’ve realized that’s it’s a much more broad, complex and often mind-boggling concept. However, now I see that there are essentially three main factors that lead us to accepting something as the truth: a strong emotional belief, our senses (particularly sight) and applied logic and reasoning. These are in fact three of the ways of knowing. Language is used to aid the acceptance†¦show more content†¦The belief may have been cultivated by family, religion, culture or any other external factor but the fact remains that it is accepted as a truth mainly because of the strong emotions associated with it. However, these same emotions are incredibly varied between people because of the differences in family, relig ion, culture and other factors. Hence, there are also people (atheists) that have strong emotions against the existence of God. As this difference in beliefs between people exists and will most probably always exist because of the diversity of our world, emotional belief as a truth cannot be absolute. It is relative to the person believing the truth. Applied logic and reasoning is fundamental to determining axioms, formulas and concepts in Math that are considered to be truths. In Math HL, we have a topic called induction whereby the goal is to prove a certain formula or equation. We can prove the formula, but on all occasions, it is only true within a certain domain, i.e. for a certain set of values. This shows that the formula is not an absolute truth but relative to the variables involved. But let’s also consider the simplest equation known to man: 1 + 1 = 2. Isn’t this an absolute truth? I used to believe so, until I discovered that a pile of sand + aShow MoreRelatedTok Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy and understand the knowledge from the past to strive to change the future, but it is up to both historians and human scientists to use it to either better the future or discard it as just knowledge. The knowledge issue I will investigate in this essay was created by the knowledge stated above, which in turn l eads me to question in what ways does History and Human Science use emotion, language and ethics to study the past and change the future. Knowledge from the past comes from studying our historyRead MoreTok Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Possession Of Knowledge Carries An Ethical Responsibility.† Evaluate This Claim. –Seo Yeon Choi- Theory of Knowledge Essay Topic: â€Å"The Possession of Knowledge Carries an Ethical Responsibility† Evaluate The Claim. School: Auckland International College School Number: 001495 Candidate Name: Seo Yeon Choi Candidate Number: 001495-010 Session: May 2013 Teacher: Beate Wiebel Word Count: 1480 â€Å"The Possession Of Knowledge Carries An Ethical Responsibility.† Evaluate This Claim. –Seo YeonRead MoreTok Emotion Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesVeruska M. B. November 18, 2011 TOK Mr. de Silva Grade 11 OSC TOK Essay: How do Perception and Emotion Contribute to our Knowledge of the World? Perception is broad concept, often defined through various contexts. Similarly, emotion has assorted definitions. These concepts differ in their timing in the world, for without the initial perception, emotion is a non-existent concept. And without such commodities our knowledge of the world would cease to exist. For our perception and emotionRead MoreTok Essay1764 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals as opposed to others. A personal attribute is a ‘characteristic quality or feature of a person or thing’1 which includes the concepts of culture, experiences, education, as well as biological characteristics such as gender and age. This essay will discuss how these Ways of Knowing can be affected by these features, since this is of major importance to our society’s wellbeing, especially in politics and even daily conflicts between family and friends. One of these ways is the ‘physicalRead MorePossession of Knowledge Tok Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesTOK Outline Essay title – â€Å"The possession of knowledge carries an ethical responsibility†. Evaluate this claim. What knowledge issues I think are involved †¢ How can you possess knowledge? How do you acquire it and do these ways affect your responsibility of imparting it on others? †¢ How is the knowledge you have affected by your personal ethics? Some people would have no problem giving out certain pieces of knowledge while others would be very trouble giving out exactly the same informationRead MoreMemory- A ToK Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Memory ‘Memory – like liberty – is a fragile thing’ – Elizabeth Loftus. What does this statement suggest about memory as a way of knowing in the pursuit of ethical knowledge? Loftus suggests that memory, like liberty (i.e. freedom), is something that can easily be manipulated due to its delicate nature. The title assumes that we can recall on past events in order to draw reasonable conclusions surrounding ethical issues. In order to understand the question raised in the title more easily it couldRead MoreTOK Knowledge Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe claim â€Å"Knowledge is nothing more than the systematic organization of facts,† has many flaws in its implications. All of the knowledge that we gain as ToK knowers cannot be considered infallible fact. The term â€Å"fact† implies that the statement or claim can be reinforced with substantial evidence and can be proven, and we have learned that almost any information can be considered knowledge, no matter how subjective or specific the information is. Given that an individual is defined by having aRead MoreTok Essay: Ways of Knowing826 Words   |  4 PagesTok Essay Ways Of Knowing Using one way of knowing is not enough if you want to determine if something is true or if something is believed to be true. The different ways of knowing are sense perception, reasoning, emotion and memory. Plato once stated that knowledge is â€Å"Justified true belief† which just goes to show that in order to obtain knowledge, we need to know certain thing as a fact, not belief. When we believe something is true, we do not know it for certain. We just have faith inRead MoreTok on Procrastination Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesIB Skills Final Assessment – Anti-Procrastination Alex Foxe 22nd June 2012 â€Å"You may delay, but time will not† ~Benjamin Franklin Background: Procrastination is generally defined as the act of replacing high priority actions with those that have less priority. In psychology, procrastination is the temporal gap between intended behavior and enacted behavior. (Mind tools) This psychological behaviour is widely associated with adolescents, especially those in college where homework andRead MoreTok Essay -- Emotions vs Reason1722 Words   |  7 PagesTOK Essay Reasoning and Emotions and the quest for Knowledge 19th century English philosopher Samuel Taylor Coleridge claimed that â€Å"deep thinking is attainable only by a person of deep feeling†, thereby implying that emotions, or â€Å"deep feeling†, play a key role in the quest for knowledge and the ability to reason, or, the ability to think deeply. However, day after day I am confronted with evidence contradicting his statement, and, although I do my best not to have biased perception, I do not see

Allegory Of The Cave, By Dick Gregory s Shame And...

When discussing reality, several questions emerge regarding what reality is. A reality, the real situation that exist, (Merriam-Webster.com) consists of two forms-perceived reality and actual reality. One spends his or her entire life trying to decipher the difference between the two forms; yet to truly understand reality, it is essential that you comprehend both. Plato s Allegory of the Cave, Dick Gregory s Shame and Frederick Douglass Learning to Read and Write illustrate examples of both perceptions. Furthermore, how conceptualization of reality helps establish who one will become. Perceived reality is one s interpretation of what is genuine and false, wrong and right, what is real and what is not. Because of this, one s surroundings and associates can also influence one s perception of what is authentic; consequently, one s belief in perceived truth can be distorted. The depiction of a physical world filled with misrepresented and inadequate images of existence, in Allegory of the Cave, confirms this assertion. Shadows symbolize fact and those who were chained consider nothing besides the artifacts as the unhidden (Plato). Similarly to Plato, Gregory s Shame, portrays his teacher s assumptions that he was stupid, couldn t spell, couldn t read, and couldn t do arithmetic (Shame 5). She regarded him as ignorant, based solely on his inability to concentrate in class or sit still. Gregory also describes his obliviousness of shames existence.

Management Tools for Implementation of Food - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Management Tools for Implementation of Food. Answer: Introduction ISO 22000 is applicable to food chain in order to ensure food safety management system. After getting certified under ISO 22000 companies can ensure that they are providing best quality products to their customers. This helps the organisation in establishing good image in the eyes of society (Lombardo et.al 2017). Now a days due to increase in health awareness among the customers its essential for the organisations to pay attention over their quality stuff if they want to expand their business and win over their competitors. This approach is widely used by all the countries who are the member of international organisations of standards. In this report complete discussion will be carried on clauses of the standard, places where it is applicable, positive as well as its negative side, practical examples to prove the same, different countries where it is been used, comparison with the other established standard and different ways in which it is beneficial for the customers and companies. Parts (clauses) of standard Appropriate procedures are developed by the government which clearly lay down all the responsibilities, activities, input as well as output. There are total 10 clauses under ISO 22000:2005. Some of them may include- establishing control over documents (cl. 4.2.2) and records (cl. 4.2.3), response to emergency (cl. 5.7), monitoring PRPs (cl. 7.5 c) and some critical points where points important to establish control (cl. 7.6.4), proper handling of products that are unsafe in nature (cl. 7.10.4).Apart from this special focus is laid on certain clause like-taking corrective actions (cl. 7.10.2) and conducting internal audits (cl. 8.4.1) (Ryan, 2017). There are certain clauses that have created problem for the people are- Management of responsibility under this employee have to work as per the instructions given by their heads. This means if the company wants to focus over the quality of food then top management have to take certain strong steps. Maintenance of appropriate human resource it focuses on establishing competent work environment within the firm.These entire clauses under the ISO 22000 will ensure that the firm will provide its best quality product to the society. Application Only those organisations that are dealing in food line can send the application in order to obtain certificate from an accredited ISO body. ISO 22000 involves all the principles of HACCP. It stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Standards. Application was not so easy for the government so, 12 major steps were taken by Codex Alimentarius in terms of audit. Soon the association realised that different range of hazards occur at different processing stages. So, organisations have to prepare proper documents to know the reason behind occurrence of these hazards and different ways in which they can be overcome. One survey was made to know how much effect was laid by ISO 22000 over the firms. Comparison was made between 25 big poultry producers and small farms. At the end results were quite favourable because all the firms that were able to produce good quality stuff which increased export market by 72%. As this was one of the biggest sources of the revenue for the government so, with the proper support of the government large scale industrialist were able to overcome all the risk involved in this segment (Soares, Vicente Martins, 2015). Good and bad sides of ISO 22000 standard Good sides (Varzakas, 2015). This helped the organisation in maintaining consistency in the food stuff that they offer to the society. Helps in building confidence in management and the team members that whatever procedures they are following are the best and safe for their customers. Customers as well the stakeholders feel safe as well as confident on the ability of the firm to control all the hazards involved in food line. ISO 22000 helps in establishing control over food supply chain of the firm. Bad sides Clause 7.2 of the same standard does not give clear explanation regarding different ways to implement PRP. This standard does not focus on the requirements of the GMP that is good manufacturing practices nor does it tell how GMP can be implemented. Companies have to bearer loose in the customers because of the lack of clarity of clauses mentioned under this standard (Todorovic Kojic, 2017). These are the two major reasons behind the move made by the firms from ISO 22000 to FSSC 22000. Practical examples There are many industries that have to perform the work as per the clauses and the standards established under ISO 22000. Organisation that are actively engaged in providing sea food directly to the consumers or are involved in trading activities have to match all the standards under ISO 22000 (Psomas Kafetzopoulos, 2015). Apart from this there are few food chains that have established their branches in different parts of the world such as MC Donalds and Pizza hut have maintained their quality for the long period in order to obtain ISO22000 certificate. These standards ensure that whatever food is provided by the companies is up to the mark. Further it also helps the companies to access all the risk areas as well the issues on time so that steps can be taken in order to improve them within the short time span. Subway is the fast food chain that is providing many services from its retail chain. This firm was able to establish its images in the eyes of the customers because of its taste as well as its quality stuff. At the initial stage it was quite difficulty for the organisation to maintain its quality in all the chains but after overcoming the entire hurdles firm was able to maintain quality in transportation networks, food materials, sea food and many more. This helps the organisation in making new and separate image in the eyes of society members. Standard usage in different countries Asia being an agriculture country certain standards are established by the ISO in order to ensure that only those products will be exported that are of good quality as this help in developing favourable image in the eyes of the other nation. These standards ensure safety in management of food industry (Varzakas Manolopoulou, 2017). USA this country pay more attention on the health of its citizens. Under the ISO 22000 major focus is laid on agricultural, production as well as distribution practice. Along with it special steps are taken in order to maintain sanitation, pest control, disposal of waste and many more (Soares, Vicente Martins, 2015). Comparison with other standards ISO 22000 is totally different from ISO 26000 and HACCP. As major focus of ISO 22000 is laid on maintaining safety in the food management system where as ISO 26000 is one of the international standards that are established to ensure that all the organisation should undertake their social responsibility as that will; enable them indirectly helpful for their their mission as well as their vision statement, employees as well as the stakeholders. On the other hand ISO 22000 is totally different from HACCP because HACCP is one of the systems that focus on maintaining safety in food. Apart from this both are based on different principles (Kendirli Ulusoy, 2014). HACCP focuses on identification all the critical issues and hazards that are present in the process of production and at the end developing an appropriate system to monitor the results. Whereas, ISO22000 principles may include continues improvement in management system, developing an appropriate planning and taking correct steps for operating PRPs. Under this standard proper major are taken in order to analyse the risk. Benefits to customers and companies Establishment of standards are beneficial for both the companies as well for the customers in many ways Benefits to customers Ensuring consumption of goods that are safe for them as the customers know that wherever food stuff they are in taking belongs to a good quality so, this will help them in taking care of their healthy in best way and lead a healthy life. Apart from this customers are able to recognise which food that is good and safe for them and which is not (Maheshwari Mehta, 2016). Reduction in diseases that are caused because of food products that are produced as per the standards will ensure reduction in overall diseases that are caused due to intake of poor quality food. Benefits to companies Increase in overall profitability -All the organisations such as Mc Donalds and Subway that are operating their business in the different parts of the world will be able to enjoy high profitability because by provide good quality products to their consumers the organisation will not only be able to expand its business but it will also be able to enhance their customer group all these things will indirectly increase the profitability of the firm (Armeanu, Vintila Gherghina, 2017). Working with efficiency in documentation and procedures under the ISO 22000 food chain industries either have to update their existing tools as well as their equipments or they have to procure new once so that they can maintain standard in their food stuff. This will indirectly help the organisation to take the benefits of all the updated technologies. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that, industries that are actively engaged in food zone are facing many challenges and one of the biggest challenges is to provide food that is safe and best in quality. However in order to ensure same many steps are taken by the government but still there are certain Ares in the sea food zone which need to be improve more so that people do not face any problem because for the food they are eating and lead a healthy life (Varzakas Tzia, 2015). References Lombardo, A., Boselli, C., Amatiste, S., Ninci, S., Frazzoli, C., Dragone, R., ... Brajon, G. (2017). From invention to innovation: risk analysis to integrate One Health technology in the dairy farm.Frontiers in public health,5. Ryan, J. M. (2017).Guide to Food Safety and Quality During Transportation: Controls, Standards and Practices. Academic Press. Soares, N. F., Vicente, A. A., Martins, C. M. (2015).Food safety in the seafood industry: a practical guide for ISO 22000 and FSSC 22000 implementation. John Wiley Sons. Varzakas, T. (2015). 4 ISO 22000, HACCP, and Other Management Tools for Implementation of Food Safety-Traceability Case Studies.Handbook of Food Processing: Food Safety, Quality, and Manufacturing Processes,35, 105. Todorovic, G., Kojic, V. (2017). IMPACT OF REALIZED IMS SYSTEM IN PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON QUALITY OF LIFE.International Journal for Quality Research,11(1). Psomas, E. L., Kafetzopoulos, D. P. (2015). HACCP effectiveness between ISO 22000 certified and non-certified dairy companies.Food Control,53, 134-139. Varzakas, T., Manolopoulou, E. (2017). Comparison of HACCP and ISO 22000 in the Ready-to-Eat Fruit and Vegetable Industry in Conjunction with Application of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Ishikawa Diagrams. InMinimally Processed Refrigerated Fruits and Vegetables(pp. 685-721). Springer US. Soares, N. F., Vicente, A. A., Martins, C. M. (2015).Food safety in the seafood industry: a practical guide for ISO 22000 and FSSC 22000 implementation. John Wiley Sons. Kendirli, H. C., Ulusoy, G. (2014). Food Quality Certificates and Research on Effect of Food Quality Certificates to Determinate Ignored Level of Buying Behavioral: A Case Study in Hitit University Feas Business Department.Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People,3(4), 37-46. Maheshwari, D., Mehta, S. (2016). impact of iso on quality of product in industries. Armeanu, S. D., Vintila, G., Gherghina, S. C. (2017). A Cross-Country Empirical Study Towards the Impact of Following ISO Management System Standards on Euro-Area Economic Confidence.Amfiteatru Economic,19(44), 144. Varzakas, T., Tzia, C. (Eds.). (2015).Handbook of food processing: food safety, quality, and manufacturing processes(Vol. 35). CRC Press. Escanciano, C., Santos-Vijande, M. L. (2014). Reasons and constraints to implementing an ISO 22000 food safety management system: Evidence from Spain.Food Control,40, 50-57.